Seismic Waves :
1. Body Waves
Elastic Mediums :
A- Compressional ,Longitudinal or P waves
compressions Dilatations , 1992 . .
B- Shear Waves
P waves Solid Rocks ( ). (2). . : ( ) (:45) ( ) (:16)
2- Surface Waves:
.
:
C- Rayleigh Waves
Uniform Solid Material Elliptical shape
Body Waves , i.e,V p = 0.9 VS : ( * ) (:36-37)
D-love Waves
Non-uniform . Geophones .
.
Surface Waves . .
Magnitude:
Amplitude S waves,Pwaves epicenter 9:1 Richter scale 6 5 ...
5:70 300:70 . (Tectonic Plates) .
Asthenosphere Trench ɡ . ڡ ( ) (:12) : ( ) (:7).
: ( ) (:88) .
Earthquake Hazards
1- Ground Shaking
Liquefaction .
2- Ground Displacements
Flaut Line .
3- Fire
.
4- Flooding
Dams .
:
- Volcanoes . .
.
: ( ) (:40).
: ( ) (:26)
: ) * * ) (:45-47)